Windows/Linux Useful Commands

There are hundreds of commands that are used in day-to-day Windows administration. Some Useful Commands to Be Run from the Windows Command Prompt are as follows:

S.No.	Command	Usage	Description
1	tasklist	tasklist	Lists all the tasks that are currently active on the system (similar to what’s displayed in Task Manager).
2	tracert	tracert < host name >	Traces the routing path from your system to the target host.
3	ipconfig	ipconfig /all	Lists all network interfaces along with IP and MAC if assigned.
4	driverquery	driverquery	Lists all the device drivers currently installed on the system.
5	cipher	cipher /w:	Makes folder content unrecoverable by overwriting the deleted data.
6	assoc	assoc	Lists the associations between file extensions and their corresponding programs.

Beyond the common Linux commands (cd, ls, man, mkdir, rm, cp, date, time, cat, echo, vi and so on), below we listed out some of the commands that might be useful from a security perspective.

S.No.	Command	Usage	Description
1	uname	uname -a	Returns the Linux kernel version and architecture details.
2	sudo	sudo < command >	Gives root privileges temporarily for running a command.
3	last	last	Gives details about when a particular user was last logged in.
4	diff	diff < folder1 > < folder2 >	Finds and prints differences in files present in two folders.
5	history	history	Prints a list of the commands that were previously fired from the terminal.
6	uptime	uptime	Returns the time duration for which the system has been running since the last boot, or start.
7	w	w	Prints details about users who have logged in with CPU usage.
8	crontab	crontab -l	For the current user, this command lists any scheduled jobs/tasks.
9	lsof	lsof	Lists files opened by the current user.
10	kill	kill -9 < PID >	Kills the process with the process ID passed in the argument.

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